© 2020 Graham John Wheeler.
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Published by Correspondences: Journal for the Study of Esotericism.
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Wheeler / Correspondences 8, no. 2 (2020): 1–40
to the personal obsessions of Mathers – that man of “much learning but little
scholarship” (W. B. Yeats); that “comic Blackstone of occult lore” (A. E. Waite).
77
Such a notion should be challenged, however. In this regard, Mathers was not,
for once, behaving eccentrically. As we have intimated, the LBRP, along with
the rest of the Golden Dawn system, amounts to a microcosmic exemplar of
trends and phenomena that are characteristic of the esoteric revival more gener-
ally. Mathers’ magpie-like appropriation of ideas and symbols, collected together
and decontextualised from their circumstances of origin, was far from unique.
The Golden Dawn emerged out of and ran parallel to other currents – including
high-degree Freemasonry, Rosicrucianism and Theosophy – which borrowed, and
experimented with, ideas and symbols of diverse and exotic origins. Egil Asprem,
for example, has shown in some detail how nineteenth-century occultists from
Lévi onwards creatively appropriated Kabbalistic concepts for their own spiritual
purposes, disembedding them from their Jewish context in the process.
78
There is, of course, a bigger picture here. Outside the esoteric subculture, the
era in which the Golden Dawn gestated was particularly fertile in comparativism.
The enterprise of finding and linking together elements of disparate cultures
was very much in vogue: this is what lay behind Machen’s reference to “the
eighteen-eighty and later frame of mind”.
79
As the characteristically Victorian
forces of technology and imperialism brought ethnographic data flooding into
the European intellectual world, the temptation to fashion that data into ambi-
tious comparativist constructs affected many contemporary thinkers and writers,
77. O’Donnell and Archibald eds., The Collected Works of W. B. Yeats, 162; Waite, Shadows of Life
and Thought, 124. Mathers himself later boasted that his task as a reviver of esotericism “required
a knowledge of many languages and an enormous amount of work”, and that he was according-
ly “probably the busiest man living”. He made these claims in one of the court cases which he
was involved in with Aleister Crowley: see the contemporary press reports in e.g. The Globe, 27
April 1911, 10–11 and The Jarrow Express, 28 April 1911, 6.
78. Asprem, “Kabbalah Recreata”. Lévi himself was influenced in this regard by the
seventeenth-century work of Knorr von Rosenroth.
79. Machen did, admittedly, underestimate how far back the comparativist tradition could be
traced. Its roots dated back in some respects to the sixteenth century: see e.g. Stroumsa, A New Science.